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Plymouth is a city and unitary authority area on the
coast of Devon, England, about 190 miles (310 km)
south west of London. It is built between the mouths
of the rivers Plym to the east and Tamar to the west,
where they join Plymouth Sound.
Since 1967 the unitary authority of Plymouth has
included the suburbs of Plympton and Plymstock,
which are on the east side of the River Plym.
Plymouth's history goes back to the Bronze Age,
when its first settlement grew at Mount Batten. This settlement continued to grow as
a trading post for the Roman Empire, until the more prosperous village of Sutton, the
current Plymouth, surpassed it. In 1620 the Pilgrim Fathers left Plymouth for the New
World and established Plymouth Colony — the second English settlement in what
is now the United States of America. During the English Civil War the town was held
by the Parliamentarians and was besieged between 1642 and 1646.
Throughout the Industrial Revolution Plymouth grew
as a major shipping port, handling imports and
passengers from the Americas and the construction
of ships for the Royal Navy. The county boroughs of
Plymouth and Devonport, and the urban district of
East Stonehouse were merged to form a single
county borough of Plymouth collectively referred to
as The Three Towns. The city's naval importance
later led to its targeting and partial destruction during
World War II, an act known as the Plymouth Blitz.
After the war the city centre was completely rebuilt.
Today the city is home to over 250,000 people,
making it the 15th most populous cityin England. It is
governed locally by Plymouth City Council and is
represented nationally by three MPs. Plymouth's
economy is still strongly influenced by shipbuilding,
but has become a more service-based economy
since the 1990s. It has the 11th largest university in
The United Kingdom by number of students, the
University of Plymouth, and the largest operational
naval base in Western Europe — HMNB Devonport.
Plymouth has ferry links to France and Spain and
an airport with European services.